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This should significantly complicate discussions between Paris and Berlin. "It is not possible to renegotiate the fiscal pact", which has already been "signed by 25 of the 27 member states of the European Union", said on Monday a spokesman for Angela Merkel. German Chancellor Angela Merkel (the Bundestag by December 2, 2011).

It is "not possible to renegotiate the fiscal pact" European, said Monday the spokesman of German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Steffen Seibert.

"It is not possible to renegotiate the fiscal pact", which has already been "signed by 25 of the 27 member states of the European Union", which aims to strengthen discipline in public finance management, said Mr. Seibert in a press conference, despite the wish of the new French president, Francois Hollande, to add to it a component of growth.

American Diversified industrial manufacturer United Technologies on Tuesday released a quarterly profit above consensus citing better than expected demand of heating and cooling market ; North America.

Carrier and its subsidiary shows a 19% increase in orders for residential air conditioning systems with a sharp improvement in demand in late March. And this demand has remained strong since the beginning of April, said chief financial officer, Greg Hayes.

"The warm weather in March helped but it is also due to low inventory on the market", which has forced distributors to increase their orders, he said during a teleconference ; reference.

Excluding the accounts of three subsidiaries that were sold by the group, quarterly earnings totaled $ 1.26 billion, or $ 1.31 per share, up 19% year on year. It thus clearly exceeds the Thomson Reuters consensus I / B / E / S, which gave a profit of $ 1.19 per share.

After consideration of past depreciations on affiliates to sell and other special items, net income was down 67.4% to 330 million dollars.

The quarterly revenue fell 2% to 12.42 billion against $ 12.71 billion expected.

Outside the U.S., the economic situation is more mixed, said Greg Hayes.

"Europe is horrible, I think it's the simplest way of saying things. Construction contracts have been really anemic and there they remain, so we do not see many signs of recovery in Europe. "

.. In emerging ……, sales remained strong in the first quarter, except in China, where the decline of commercial real estate construction has weighed on demand for elevators, has continued CFO

. United Technologies, the world of elevators and air conditioners, has confirmed its forecast for the entire 2012 , ie an EPS of 5.30 to 5.50 dollars for a turnover from 61 to 62 billion, up about 10%

A

. the New York Stock Exchange, under the United Technologies gained 1.12% to 80.64 dollars around 1300 GMT while the Dow Jones took 0.83%. 

The group will finalize in the coming months its largest acquisition with the purchase of Goodrich aerospace equipment for $ 16.5 billion.

It seeks to give three parallel activities in the smaller sector of capital goods-Rocketdyne, Hamilton Sundstrand and Clipper Windpower.

Wall Street opened sharply lower Monday, as foreshadowed future, weighed down by the constant concern that represents the European debt crisis and by poor statistics in the euro area.

The result of the first round of French presidential and the imminent resignation of Prime Minister of the Netherlands with the prospect of early parliamentary add a touch of additional uncertainty coming from Europe.

The contraction of private sector activity in the euro area has increased more than expected in April, which could jeopardize the upcoming release of the region of the recession.

In early trade, the Dow Jones lost 0.9% to 12,909.08 points, the S & P 500 drops 1% to 1,364.87 and the Nasdaq Composite 1% to 2969.65.

Pfizer lost 0.66%. Nestle said Monday it agreed to buy child nutrition activities of the pharmacist to 11.85 billion U.S. dollars (8.99 billion euros) in cash, beating well on Danone.

Hasbro reported Monday a net loss of $ 2.6 million in the first quarter, amid lower sales in North America. The action yields 2.87%.

Xerox has released a quarterly earnings decline, investment in services has weighed on its margins. The action still earns 2.8% after the maker of copiers and printers has said it expects a rise in profit in the second quarter.

European shares ended sharply higher Tuesday, boosted by a Spanish award whose success is due to a sharp rise in interest rates and by the unexpected rise of the confidence index of German investors.

Paris closed up 2.72% to 3292.51 points after having crossed a zone of resistance around 3,260 points.

London gained 1.78%, Frankfurt and Madrid 2.65% 2.28%. The Euro Stoxx 50 index of large values ​​of the euro area took 2.86%.

The performance of the German government bond (Bund) and 10 years stood at 1.76%. The rate of the 10-year Italian BTP also remained stable at 5.48%, and that of the Spanish equivalent of eased 2 basis points to 5.9%.

The euro was steady at the end of the afternoon against the dollar, around 1.3130.

China doubled the maximum fluctuation of the yuan, to 1%. The measure was hailed as a step towards greater liberalization of the exchange rate of Chinese currency. At the opening Monday, choinoise currency was down against the dollar. A 100-yuan face a $ 100 bill.

The Chinese currency was a downward trend against the dollar on Monday for the reopening of the foreign exchange market after the announcement over the weekend to double the range for the yuan against the greenback. People's Bank of China (PBOC) authorized as of Monday a maximum fluctuation of 1%, down as well as up, around a central rate fixed by day, against 0.5% previously. The measure was hailed as a step towards greater liberalization of the exchange rate of the Chinese currency, which gives the low level by major trading partners of China an unfair competitive advantage to its products.

By late morning Monday, the Chinese currency was trading at 6.3145 yuan per dollar, while the central rate was set early in the day at 6.2960 yuan to one greenback. This downward trend reflects investors' fears fueled by the publication Friday of growth below expectations in the first quarter, to 8.1% annual rate. "The Beijing consensus is that the margin of appreciation (the yuan) seems quite limited," according to Lu Ting, an economist at Bank of America – Merrill Lynch. This is partly due to the slowdown in export growth as well as a small current account surplus to 2.8% for 2011, which make "the external pressure on China for an assessment … has dissipated, "said the analyst.

"There was recently a series of reforms affecting the yuan and the financial sector at large, which all go in the direction of greater liberalization," noted for his part, Mark Williams, Asia economist at Capital Economics . "The enlargement provides the basis for a system of exchange rates more volatile and more based on the market in the future", according to this analyst. "The signal sent by China, it may be that the unilateral (Chinese currency) has expired," said his side to AFP Sun Junwei, an analyst at HSBC in Beijing. In March, Premier Wen Jiabao had estimated that the level of the Chinese currency was "close to balance".

Key values ​​to follow Tuesday on Wall Street.

* GOOGLE. The Android mobile operating system Google has been the most widely used in China last year, far ahead of that of Apple, according to the firm Analysys.

In late December, controlled 68.4% of the Android market in number of smartphones sold, against 33.6% at the end of first quarter 2011. The market share of Apple rose more modestly, from 4.1% to 5.7%.

* Chevron discovered a leak in the Roncador oil field, off the Brazilian coast, 500 meters from the deposit Frade, already responsible for a tidal Black in November. The leak occurs at the ocean floor and no trace is visible on the surface of the water, say the Brazilian authorities.

Leaks were detected in November and March to deposit Frade, which led to it suspend the activity and triggered lawsuits against Chevron and its contractor Transocean .

* ALCOA. The aluminum giant, often presented as a barometer of the U.S. economy, starts the earnings season after the close, with its e financial statements for the quarter January to March.

China may relax regulations on foreign investment in the private sector, announced Tuesday the central bank governor, less than a week after green light given by the Government in a pilot project of financial reform.

The State Council (government) of China announced last week that it planned to allow direct investment abroad by residents of the coastal city of Wenzhou, st in the country, as part of an experimental project. This was seen as an important step towards liberalization of transactions.

The central bank governor, Zhou Xiaochuan, speaking at the Boao Forum for Asia 2012, on the island of Hainan, said China would encourage capital outflows, which help reduce the imbalances caused by net capital inflows.

"There could be a further de-regulation to give businesses and residents easier for Chinese investment abroad," said Zhou Xiaochuan.

He did not say whether the reforms would be limited to Wenzhou or extended to other areas. Wenzhou, located in Zhejiang Province, is known throughout China as a platform and an entrepreneurial place parallel loans.

Many private Chinese companies are forced to turn to the gray market for loans because they can access loans at official rates, which will first state banks to state enterprises.

On the unofficial market of credit, interest rates can reach 100% annualized. 

The idea of ​​an area of ​​financial reform emerged in late 2011 after newspaper articles on entrepreneurs from Wenzhou who would be gone underground or s' had committed suicide after being found unable to repay loans at high rates contracted outside official channels.

People's Bank of China considered this market to 2400 billion yuan (285 billion euros) in late March 2010, representing 5.6% of total loans market in China.

The output growth of French chemistry to slow to 1.8% by volume in 2012 after the 5.9% achieved in 2011, due to the economic downturn and rising cost of raw materials and energy, told Reuters the president of the Union of Industries (UIC), Olivier Homolle.

The annual report of the UIC, released Tuesday, reveals that the performance of France were better than that of the entire European Union, in which the growth of the n 'was only 1.1% last year and should not exceed 1.5% in 2012.

Last November, the UIC had raised its growth forecast to 4.5% in 2011.

In total, the turnover of the industry grew 13% last year to 86.7 billion euros. 

"We see 2012 on a relatively positive but with a number of uncertainties because the world is moving at full speed," said Olivier Homolle in an interview with Reuters, while noting that the level of growth 1.8% expected this year is "very respectable".

He noted that the worsening economic climate in Europe and the slowdown in the entire industry in France had gradually affected the chemical sector, whose stocks have become cumbersome from the second quarter. 

GOOD CONDUCT OF PERFUME AND COSMETICS

The good news, Olivier Homolle continued, "is that there is no reason that Asia does not continue to draw quite significantly the global economy and that since beginning of the year, the U.S. showed signs of significant growth that have a good impact on the overall economy. "

With 5.9% growth in 2011, the production of the French chemical industry came back last year in volume to levels before the financial crisis, it had been drop 1.1% in 2008 and 9.5% in 2009, its worst decline in 20 years.

Last year it was mainly driven by the chemistry for the manufacture of cosmetics, perfumes, and to a lesser extent, cleaning products. 

For export, the demand of foreign markets, especially emerging, was supported in 2011, resulting in increased sales by 9.8% in value. But due to a high level of imports (12.4%), the balance of the sector fell to 4.4 billion euros, against 5.0 billion in 2010. …….

In 2012, export growth should return close to the average level of 2% recorded between 1990 and 2011. European growth is seen at 1.5%.

While oil prices seem set to continue the current high levels, above 120 dollars a barrel for Brent, UIC has urged the French government has become more open to development shale gas.

"The fact that the debate be closed is very worrying," said Olivier Homolle, who is also director of the French division of German group BASF.

"The goal is first to be as competitive as possible. Should at least permit the debate to take place, that we can get an education," said ; Olivier Homolle.

The Board of Casino, unsurprisingly, on Monday rejected the proposal to buy the Galeries Lafayette Etienne distributor 50% of its Monoprix at a price of 1.35 billion euros.

Casino and Galeries Lafayette, Monoprix co-shareholders, put in the public last week disagreed on the valuation of the sign of the city center.

According to a memorandum of understanding, Galeries Lafayette can exercise an option to purchase their shares since 1 January 2012.

But department stores believe that's 50% to 1.95 billion euros, while the casino values ​​to only 700 million, a figure far removed from the evaluation of 1.225 billion euros recorded in its accounts to 31 December 2010. 

"If the Galeries Lafayette confirm their wish to sell their stake in Monoprix, Casino will acquire, in accordance with its commitments under the Protocol, at the right price of the asset," reaffirms Casino Monday.

To break the deadlock, Ginette Moulin, whose family owns 100% stake in Galeries Lafayette, offered in early February at Casino CEO, Jean-Charles Naouri, to sell its 50% price 1.35 billion, representing the average of two-or offers to buy back his hand, at this price.

This last proposal was considered by the council met to approve casino accounts of the distributor, whose annual results will be released Tuesday morning. 

Casino had already announced last Saturday that there was no seller on his part in Monoprix, a strategic asset for the group.

"The board unanimously approved the directors present or represented, except Philippe Houze, (chief executive of Galeries Lafayette and Monoprix CEO) that n did not take part in the vote (…) the position expressed as an assignment of the Casino in Monoprix would be contrary to the interests of Casino, "he said in a statement . 

The price of 1.35 billion represents 9.1 times 2011 EBITDA (excluding debt) Monoprix, Casino believes that this figure compares to a multiple of 5.7 times "for major companies listed ; are European sector "(Casino, Carrefour, Tesco, Ahold, Delhaize, Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer).